A backhoe dredger is a machine mounted on a ship or barge that is used to dredge the seabed so that large ships can navigate the river. It is also known as a bucket dredger. In inland lakes the dredger is fast, easy to maneuver and stable.

The main feature of this type of vessel or barge is that it has a backhoe dredge as a fixture, which adds stability and safety to the construction operation. The boom arm of the dredge is generally very large and the bucket at the end of the boom arm is, in general, larger than the buckets used on land. The boom arm extends in front of the dredge and under the water; the bucket will move towards the boat and the sediment at the bottom of the river will be removed by the backhoe excavator and moved to another location or disposed of to ensure that the river is clean.

Like land-based excavators, backhoe dredgers use a diesel engine to drive the control unit, the main engine and the arm section of the excavator, which rotates the mechanism to excavate material from the seabed without having to re-move the dredge. The boom unit is driven by hydraulic cylinders, which means that the cylinders are filled with a fluid - usually a liquid of some kind - which is pressurized to extend the digging unit and depressurized to contract the digging unit. This allows the bucket and boom to handle large loads. The operator sits in the cab and controls the movement of the boom.
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It is a dredger which utilizes the fully hydraulic backhoe mounted on the bow deck to excavate underwater sand and stones. It is one kind of bucket type dredger, and is generally a non-self-propelled square barge. Its mode of operation and positioning, shifting methods, etc. and the shovel type (see "bucket dredger") the same, but more efficient. Bucket capacity is increasing, has reached 8m3, digging depth up to 20m, can be used for channel dredging, dock harbor dredging, excavation of sewers and so on. Smaller ones have a self-propelled combination type, whose hull consists of the main body and the side float box on both sides. The main body is the cabin, backhoe excavator installed in the main body of the first deck, diesel engine for dredging power, and also as a propulsion host. The head has two legs, the tail end of a (or two) legs are equipped with rollers, can borrow the tail deck winch, through the shore piling, tighten the steel cable, climb up the slope of the shore is not more than 10 °, but also in the land towing, with amphibious operation characteristics, it is also known as micro-amphibious dredger.
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